The general Constitutional laws of the United States were created early in the country's history in order to place the nation's Government on a centralized basis and protect the rights of its citizens. The legal doctrine of ultra vires, or "beyond the powers", holds that if a law that has been passed is found to improperly infringe on human rights, it can usually be struck down by being found unconstitutional. It will thus be made null and void ab initio, or "from the start," which means that the law's past use is retroactively made illegal.